Abstract
As healthcare delivery has become increasingly dependent on digital infrastructure, including electronic health records, networked medical devices, telemedicine platforms, and cloud-based clinical data storage, healthcare organisations have simultaneously become high-value targets for cyberattack. Patient health records command a substantial price on illicit data markets owing to the breadth of personally identifiable and financially exploitable information they contain, while the direct dependence of modern clinical workflows on continuously available digital systems means that a successful attack, particularly ransomware that encrypts clinical data and disables hospital information systems, can directly disrupt patient care delivery rather than merely compromising confidentiality, distinguishing healthcare cybersecurity incidents from those in many other sectors in terms of immediate real-world consequence [1,2].
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