GUT MICROBIOME IN NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM DURING PREGNANCY: CURRENT EVIDENCE

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are among the most common symptoms of early pregnancy, while hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), the most severe clinical manifestation, may result in dehydration, weight loss, and metabolic disturbances. In addition to hormonal mechanisms, increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may contribute to the pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy and HG. This review aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the association between gut microbiome composition and functional characteristics and the severity of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, as well as the development of HG. The available evidence indicates that alterations in gut microbiome composition may be associated with nausea, vomiting, and HG. However, the causal role of these microbial alterations remains uncertain.