Abstract
School pedagogy is an interdisciplinary science that investigates the fundamental laws and patterns underlying the upbringing, instruction, and holistic development of school-aged children. In the twenty-first century, the global educational ecosystem is undergoing a profound paradigm shift. The traditional, teacher-centric model of instruction has increasingly yielded to a learner-centered paradigm. Within this framework, educational priority shifts from the passive accumulation of static knowledge to the active cultivation of higher-order cognitive capabilities, critical thinking, and creative problem-solving skills.
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