THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF ANEMIA IN DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER

Abstract

This article examines the types of anemia encountered in the course of diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease, autoimmune thyrotoxicosis), their causes, and their clinical and hematological characteristics. It analyzes how several types of anemia may develop in thyrotoxicosis because of changes in erythropoiesis, iron and vitamin B12 metabolism, and the coexistence of autoimmune processes. The aim of this study was to identify the most common types of anemia in patients with diffuse toxic goiter and to describe the criteria for their differentiation and the principles of treatment. Based on a review of the literature and clinical observations, normochromic normocytic anemia was shown to be the type most characteristic of diffuse toxic goiter, while iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia) ranked second and were associated with concomitant autoimmune disorders. In rare cases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and myelotoxic changes developing during treatment with thyrostatic drugs may also occur. The findings are of practical importance for endocrinologists and hematologists in the early diagnosis of patients and the selection of an individualized treatment strategy.