Global Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
Global Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Aim & Scope: This conference aims to provide an inclusive academic platform for researchers from all disciplines to present original research, review articles, and interdisciplinary studies. It welcomes contributions from sciences, engineering, social sciences, humanities, management, education, and emerging research areas, encouraging cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation. About E-Conferencia Platform: E-Conferencia is an international open-access online conference platform dedicated to transparent, ethical, and peer-reviewed scholarly communication. All accepted papers are published as open-access conference proceedings through a structured editorial workflow, ensuring global visibility and academic integrity. Hosted Online from: Berlin, Germany Schedule: 2nd of Each Month
INTEGRATING SAFETY, COMMUNICATION, AND SELF-REGULATION COMPETENCIES INTO ACROBATIC INSTRUCTION FOR 5–6-YEAR-OLD GYMNASTS
This conference thesis proposes a model for integrating safety, communication, and self-regulation competencies with motor-technical instruction in acrobatic exercises for 5–6-year-old gymnasts. The model is derived from the competency-based programme implemented at the Nafis Sports School in Bukhara and combines progressive instruction, lead-up exercises, play and circuit methods, safe landing, protective rolling, verbal cueing, and child self-monitoring. In the experimental group, dynamic strength increased by 33.8%, speed-strength by 32.8%, and static strength by 31.4%. These descriptive findings indicate that safety and communication tasks need not compete with physical development; instead, they can help children understand, control, and reproduce movement more consciously. As the source study did not report injury-incidence data, the thesis argues for the programme’s pedagogical capacity to teach safe behaviour rather than claiming a demonstrated reduction in injuries.
acrobatic instruction, safety competence, communication competence, self-regulation, children aged 5–6, rhythmic gymnastics, progressive teaching.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE DIALECTICS OF LIFE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ANTIQUITY SCHOLARS
This article examines the formation and development of the concept of the dialectics of life within the philosophical and literary-aesthetic thought of antiquity. It analyzes how ancient Greek philosophers and theorists of literature interpreted such fundamental problems as the changing nature of human life, its development through contradictions, fate and choice, life and death, good and evil, knowledge and ignorance, necessity and freedom. In particular, the article provides a comparative study of Heraclitus’s doctrine of the continuous change of being and the unity of opposites; Socrates’ views on self-knowledge and moral choice; Plato‘s conception of the world of Forms, the soul, and the imitative nature of art; and Aristotle’s comprehensive interpretation of human action, fate, happiness, virtue, and artistic conflict. The study substantiates that the fundamental principles of the dialectics of life in antiquity-movement, change, contradiction, negation, choice, causality, and development-became among the important principles underlying philosophical and artistic thought.
dialectics of life, ancient philosophy, Heraclitus, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Sophocles, tragedy, fate, free will, contradiction, human nature, artistic thought.
MARKAZIY OSIYO VA JANUBIY KAVKAZ GEOSTRATEGIK BOG‘LIQLIGINING ZAMONAVIY OMILLARI
Ushbu tezisda 2017–2026-yillarda Markaziy Osiyo va Janubiy Kavkaz o‘rtasidagi geostrategik bog‘liqlikning shakllanishi hamda rivojlanishiga ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgan zamonaviy omillar siyosatshunoslik nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Xalqaro munosabatlar tizimining transformatsiyasi, ko‘p qutblilik tendensiyalarining kuchayishi, yirik va mintaqaviy davlatlar o‘rtasidagi geosiyosiy raqobat, xavfsizlik arxitekturasining o‘zgarishi, transport-kommunikatsiya yo‘laklarining diversifikatsiyasi, energetika xavfsizligi hamda yangi institutsional hamkorlik mexanizmlarining rivojlanishi ikki mintaqa o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlikni sifat jihatidan yangi bosqichga olib chiqayotgani asoslanadi.
Markaziy Osiyo, Janubiy Kavkaz, geosiyosat, geostrategiya, geosiyosiy raqobat, mintaqaviy xavfsizlik, Kaspiy dengizi, Transkaspiy yo‘lagi, O‘zbekiston, Ozarbayjon, strategik konnektivlik.
ЖАНРОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ДЕТЕКТИВА В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ПАТРИЦИИ КОРНУЭЛЛ
В статье рассматриваются жанровые особенности судебно-медицинского детектива на материале произведений современной американской писательницы Патриции Корнуэлл. Анализируются характерные черты данного жанра, особенности авторского стиля, роль судебной медицины и криминалистики в построении художественного мира романов. Особое внимание уделяется образу доктора Кей Скарпетты как центральной героини цикла произведений Корнуэлл. Делается вывод о том, что творчество писательницы оказало значительное влияние на развитие современного криминального детектива.
Патриция Корнуэлл, судебно-медицинский детектив, криминальный роман, детективная литература, судебная медицина, криминалистика, Кей Скарпетта.
BOSHLANG‘ICH SINFLARDA ONA TILI VA O‘QISH SAVODXONLIGI DARSLARINI SAMARALI TASHKIL ETISH
Ushbu tezis boshlang‘ich sinflarda ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi darslarini samarali tashkil etish xususida fikr yuritiladi. O‘quvchilarning, eng avvalo, savodxonligini oshirishda to‘g‘ri o‘qish, so‘z boyligini oshirish, keng fikrlashga o‘rgatish, nutqini, ongini oshirish kabi bir qator xususiyatlarni o‘rganishda ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligini to‘g‘ri tashkil eta bilish lozim.
shaxs, ezgu fikr, ezgu amal, ezgu so‘z, inovatsiya, ijodkorlik, erkin fikrlilik, nutq madaniyati, dars samaradorligi.
THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF ANEMIA IN DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITER
This article examines the types of anemia encountered in the course of diffuse toxic goiter (Graves' disease, autoimmune thyrotoxicosis), their causes, and their clinical and hematological characteristics. It analyzes how several types of anemia may develop in thyrotoxicosis because of changes in erythropoiesis, iron and vitamin B12 metabolism, and the coexistence of autoimmune processes. The aim of this study was to identify the most common types of anemia in patients with diffuse toxic goiter and to describe the criteria for their differentiation and the principles of treatment. Based on a review of the literature and clinical observations, normochromic normocytic anemia was shown to be the type most characteristic of diffuse toxic goiter, while iron deficiency anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia) ranked second and were associated with concomitant autoimmune disorders. In rare cases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and myelotoxic changes developing during treatment with thyrostatic drugs may also occur. The findings are of practical importance for endocrinologists and hematologists in the early diagnosis of patients and the selection of an individualized treatment strategy.
diffuse toxic goiter, Graves' disease, thyrotoxicosis, anemia, normochromic anemia, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
TEMIR YOʻL ORQALI TASHILAYOTGAN TOVAR VA TRANSPORT VOSITALARI USTIDAN SAMARALI BOJXONA NAZORATINI TASHKIL ETISHNING ASOSIY JIHATLARI
Mazkur tezisda temir yoʻl transporti orqali tashilayotgan tovar va transport vositalari ustidan bojxona nazoratini samarali tashkil etishning asosiy yoʻnalishlari yoritilgan. Unda bojxona nazoratini raqamlashtirish, xavflarni boshqarish tizimini takomillashtirish, zamonaviy texnik nazorat vositalaridan foydalanish hamda davlat organlari o‘rtasidagi axborot almashinuvini kuchaytirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, bojxona nazorati samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
temir yoʻl transporti, bojxona nazorati, tovarlar, transport vositalari, xavflarni boshqarish tizimi, elektron deklaratsiya, raqamlashtirish, logistika, chegara bojxona postlari, tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyat.
ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СУБЪЕКТОВ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА В СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЭКСПОРТА
В современных условиях глобализации мировой экономики развитие экспортной деятельности субъектов малого бизнеса становится одним из важнейших факторов устойчивого экономического роста государства. Малые предприятия обладают высоким потенциалом в создании новых рабочих мест, расширении производства и увеличении экспортного потенциала страны. Однако одной из главных проблем, сдерживающих их выход на международные рынки, остается недостаточно развитая система финансирования экспортных операций. Ограниченный доступ к финансовым ресурсам, высокая стоимость кредитов, недостаточное развитие механизмов экспортного кредитования и страхования экспортных рисков существенно снижают конкурентоспособность малого бизнеса. В связи с этим совершенствование системы финансирования экспортной деятельности является актуальной задачей государственной экономической политики.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE ON THE DOMESTIC POLICIES OF THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA AND THE KHANATE OF KHIVA UNDER THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE (1868–1917)
During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Russian Empire established protectorates over the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva. Although both states formally retained their sovereignty, they became politically, economically, and diplomatically dependent on the Russian Empire. The foundation of Russian policy was a system of indirect rule, often referred to as “dual sovereignty.” The Emir and the Khan preserved their traditional governing institutions and the Islamic legal system; however, major political decisions were made with due regard to the interests of the Russian Empire. This model enabled the imperial authorities to maintain effective control over the region without introducing direct colonial administration.
Russian Empire, Turkestan Governor-Generalship, Emirate of Bukhara, Khanate of Khiva, protectorate, Russian Political Agency, Central Asia, colonial policy.
INFORMATION ATTACKS AND THE CULTURE OF HISTORICAL THINKING IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD
In a globalizing world, information has become one of the principal factors shaping social consciousness, historical memory, political attitudes, and perceptions of national identity. Information may accurately reflect reality or distort it, and in either case it may serve particular individual or group interests. This article examines the relationship between information attacks, propaganda and agitation, and the development of a culture of historical thinking. The study emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating historical information, comparing sources, identifying their purposes and interests, and drawing conclusions on the basis of an objective approach. The article discusses the changing role of mass media, including television, radio, newspapers, and Internet networks, in the dissemination of ideas and examines the need to strengthen historical consciousness and critical thinking among young people. The results indicate that effective protection against destructive external influences requires clearly formulated social objectives, appropriate mechanisms, qualified specialists, transparent communication, and education that develops critical and logical thinking. Particular attention is given to the conditions of New Uzbekistan, where strengthening political awareness, historical memory, and resistance to alien ideas is considered an important educational and social task.
information attacks, historical thinking, historical memory, propaganda, agitation, critical thinking, political consciousness, globalization, national identity, media.
КЛИНИКО-ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЕ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАРУШЕНИЙ СЛУХА У ДЕТЕЙ: ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ РАННЕЙ ВЕРИФИКАЦИИ
Нарушение слуха у детей является одним из наиболее распространённых сенсорных расстройств, оказывающих существенное влияние на речевое, когнитивное, психоэмоциональное и социальное развитие ребёнка. По данным современных исследований, более 50–60% случаев врождённой и ранней нейросенсорной тугоухости обусловлены генетическими факторами, при этом клинико-фенотипические проявления заболевания отличаются значительной вариабельностью. В связи с этим своевременное выявление клинических особенностей, определение фенотипических признаков и молекулярно-генетических причин нарушения слуха приобретают особое значение для ранней диагностики, выбора оптимальной лечебно-реабилитационной тактики и проведения медико-генетического консультирования. Комплексная оценка клинико-фенотипических и молекулярно-генетических особенностей позволяет повысить точность диагностики, определить прогноз заболевания и улучшить качество оказания специализированной медицинской помощи детям с нарушением слуха.
нарушение слуха, дети, клинико-фенотипические особенности, молекулярная генетика, нейросенсорная тугоухость, GJB2, GJB6, SLC26A4, OTOF, ABR, ASSR, ранняя диагностика, генетическая диагностика, наследственная тугоухость.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY AND THE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
This article analyzes the transformation of the teacher’s professional activity and of the assessment system under the conditions of the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into education. The study substantiates the position that these technologies do not displace the teacher but redistribute professional functions, transferring routine and formalizable operations to automated systems and increasing the weight of functions not reducible to information processing. The requirements placed upon the teacher’s competence are examined in their technological, pedagogical and ethical unity, and directions for the redesign of assessment toward process-oriented forms are proposed.
artificial intelligence, teacher’s professional activity, digital competence, Intelligent-TPACK, assessment system, formative assessment, academic integrity, generative artificial intelligence, ethics of educational technology, professional development of teachers.
PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING THE JUDICIAL BODIES OF KASKADARYA AND SURKHANDARYA REGIONS WITH STAFFING DURING THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II
This article analyzes the staffing and operational challenges of judicial bodies in the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions during World War II. The study examines court procedures in frontline and rear areas, case processing timelines, legal and organizational issues, as well as the performance of people’s judges and the shortage of qualified personnel. The results indicate that during the war, the lack of staff, increased workloads, and organizational deficiencies significantly affected judicial processes.
judicial bodies, staffing, World War II, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, people’s judges, case processing, legal issues, workload, organizational challenges.
ХАЛҚАРО КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ ТЕЗИСИ СУҒУРТА ФИРИБГАРЛИГИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКАСИНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШНИНГ ДОЛЗАРБ МАСАЛАЛАРИ
Ушбу тезисда суғурта муносабатларида асоссиз суғурта товони олишга қаратилган ҳуқуқбузарликларнинг олдини олиш масалалари таҳлил қилинади. Профилактиканинг ҳуқуқий, ташкилий ва рақамли механизмларини ўзаро уйғунлаштириш зарурати асосланиб, шубҳали суғурта талабларини риск индикаторлари асосида эрта аниқлаш, ички Anti-Fraud назорати ва қонуний ахборот алмашинувини такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифлар илгари сурилади.
суғурта, суғурта товони, суғурта фирибгарлиги, ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси, Anti-Fraud, риск индикатори, ички назорат, ахборот алмашинуви.
ОРТОПАНТОМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ МАРКЕРЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЗУБОЧЕЛЮСТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПРИ ГЛУБОКОМ ПРИКУСЕ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ
Представлены результаты анализа ортопантомограмм (ОПТГ) пациентов с глубоким прикусом. Рассматриваются ключевые рентгенологические особенности и краниометрические маркеры, характерные для данной вертикальной аномалии окклюзии в периоды сменного и постоянного прикуса. Особое внимание уделено морфологии мыщелковых отростков, форме нижнечелюстной вырезки, наклону продольных осей зубов и зубоальвеолярной высоте в переднем и боковых отделах. На основе рентгенологического мониторинга выделены диагностические критерии, позволяющие прогнозировать стабильность ортодонтического лечения.
глубокий прикус, ортопантомограмма (ОПТГ), рентгенодиагностика, зубоальвеолярная высота, мыщелковый отросток, сменный прикус.
EXTRAORDINARY COMMISSIONS IN TURKESTAN: FACTORS BEHIND THEIR ESTABLISHMENT AND MAIN FUNCTIONS
This article examines the establishment, legal powers, and activities of the Extraordinary Commission in the Turkestan ASSR between 1918 and 1922. It analyzes the commission’s role in combating alleged counter-revolutionary activities, profiteering, looting, and political opposition. Particular attention is paid to its extensive authority to conduct arrests, searches, property confiscations, and punitive operations without proper judicial procedures. The study also discusses the persecution of supporters of the Turkestan Autonomy, national intellectuals, members of the clergy, merchants, and other groups classified as hostile to Soviet rule. The commission became one of the main instruments used by the Bolsheviks to consolidate Soviet authority through violence, intimidation, and political repression in Turkestan.
Turkestan ASSR, Extraordinary Commission, Cheka, Soviet government, Bolsheviks, political repression, counter-revolution, Turkestan Autonomy, national intellectuals, punitive institutions.
AN ECONOMETRIC-INDEX APPROACH TO PREVENTING ABUSE OF DOMINANT POSITION IN DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETS: EVIDENCE-BASED PROPOSALS FOR UZBEKISTAN
The rapid growth of digital platforms has transformed competition policy by shifting market power from traditional price-based dominance to ecosystem-based, data-driven and network-effect-driven forms of control. This article develops an IMRAD-structured assessment of how abuse of dominant position in digital platforms can be identified, monitored and prevented in the regulatory environment of Uzbekistan. The article proposes a Dominance Monitoring Index (DMI), integrates it with a logit probability model, and connects the model with ex-ante notification, prohibited conduct catalogues and institutional monitoring. The methodological contribution is a practical framework that combines legal, economic and measurable indicators: revenue scale, active end users, active business users, direct and indirect network effects, data control, switching costs, ecosystem lock-in, multi-homing constraints and adjacent-market influence. The results show that a single turnover or market-share threshold is insufficient for digital-platform regulation; a composite index and risk-based monitoring system can better identify strategic platforms and prevent self-preferencing, tying, anti-steering, discriminatory access, data foreclosure and algorithmic opacity. The article concludes with policy proposals for Uzbekistan: differentiated platform categories, mandatory reporting for high-risk platforms, a catalogue of prohibited practices, interoperability obligations and an inter-agency digital monitoring module.
digital platforms; abuse of dominance; DMI; network effects; ex-ante regulation; competition law; econometric model; Uzbekistan.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF HYDRODYNAMIC MIXING REGIMES ON FLOC FORMATION AND TREATMENT EFFICIENCY IN THE COAGULATION–FLOCCULATION PROCESS
This thesis assesses the influence of hydrodynamic mixing regimes on floc formation and treatment efficiency in the coagulation–flocculation process. Experiments were carried out with the bentonite–sapropel composite coagulant and a polymer flocculant system, varying the rapid-mix velocity gradient G, the slow-mix gradient and the Camp number (Gt). The optimal rapid-mix gradient was G ≈ 350–500 s⁻¹, ensuring rapid reagent distribution and completion of charge neutralisation; an excessive gradient broke the flocs and lowered efficiency. In slow mixing, an optimum of G ≈ 20–40 s⁻¹ and Gt ≈ (3–4)·10⁴ produced the largest (d₅₀ ≈ 700 μm) and strongest flocs. Under the optimal regime turbidity removal reached 96.3 %. The results show that management of mixing energy is a key factor governing floc structure and treatment efficiency.
hydrodynamic mixing, velocity gradient, Camp number, floc formation, floc strength, fractal dimension, coagulation, flocculation, treatment efficiency.
BOJXONA TOʻLOVLARINI HISOBLASH VA HISOBINI YURITISHDA RAQAMLASHTIRISH MUHIM OMIL SIFATIDA
Ushbu maqolada bojxona maʻmuriyatchiligini hujjatlarni qayta ishlashga yoʻnaltirilgan anʻanaviy funksiyadan maʻlumotlarni raqamlashtirish asosida shaffof mexanizmlarini yaratishga oid taklif va tavsiyalar keltirilgan. Shuningdek, bojxona organlari tizimida bojxona toʻlovlarini toʻgʻri va oʻz vaqtida undirishda raqamlashtirishning ahamiyati keng yoritib berilgan.
raqamli transformatsiya, bojxona toʻlovlari, bojxona hisobi, savdoni soddalashtirish, maʻlumotlar interoperabelligi, risklarni boshqarish.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING: APPLICATIONS, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, AND GOVERNANCE CHALLENGES
This article presents a systematic literature review examining the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial decision making, their economic implications, and associated governance challenges. Publications from 2015 to 2024 indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, SSRN, and financial industry databases were analysed. The review covers AI applications in credit risk assessment, algorithmic trading, fraud detection, regulatory compliance, and personal finance management, as well as macroeconomic effects of AI-driven financial automation, risks including algorithmic bias and systemic fragility, and regulatory frameworks for responsible AI in finance. The analysis demonstrates that AI adoption in financial services generates substantial efficiency gains — reducing credit assessment time by 60–80% and fraud detection error rates by 40–60% — while simultaneously creating novel systemic risks and equity concerns that require proactive governance responses. The implications for financial sector development in Uzbekistan are examined.
artificial intelligence, financial decision making, credit risk, algorithmic trading, fintech, AI governance, Uzbekistan, literature review.
E-COMMERCE MARKETING STRATEGIES IN EMERGING MARKETS: EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CENTRAL ASIA
This article presents a systematic literature review of e-commerce marketing strategies in emerging markets, examining their applicability and adaptation requirements in the Central Asian context. Publications from 2010 to 2024 indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were analysed. The review covers theoretical frameworks for e-commerce marketing, key strategic dimensions including search engine optimisation, social media marketing, personalisation, and mobile-first strategies, consumer behaviour specificities in emerging digital markets, trust-building mechanisms, and localisation challenges. The analysis reveals that e-commerce marketing effectiveness in emerging markets is highly context-dependent, with trust, mobile accessibility, and culturally adapted content emerging as the most critical success factors. Social commerce shows particularly strong adoption potential in collectivist cultures characteristic of Central Asia. The review identifies substantial gaps in empirical marketing research on e-commerce in Uzbekistan and proposes a framework for context-sensitive digital marketing strategy development.
e-commerce, digital marketing, emerging markets, social commerce, consumer behaviour, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, literature review.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING ECONOMIES
This article presents a comprehensive literature review examining the economic implications and strategic dimensions of digital transformation in business management, with particular focus on emerging economies in Central Asia. Publications from 2012 to 2024 indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and EconLit were systematically analysed. The review addresses conceptual frameworks of digital transformation, its impact on organisational structures and management practices, the economic effects at firm and national levels, implementation challenges specific to emerging markets, and strategic perspectives for digital transformation in Uzbekistan. The analysis indicates that digital transformation generates measurable productivity gains of 15–25% in early-adopting firms, creates new business model configurations, and necessitates fundamental shifts in management competencies. However, successful implementation depends critically on digital infrastructure investment, human capital development, and institutional readiness. The review identifies a significant gap in empirical evidence from Central Asian economies and outlines research priorities for the region.
digital transformation, business management, emerging economies, productivity, organisational change, Uzbekistan, literature review.
АВТОТРАНСПОРТ ВОСИТАЛАРИ ИМПОРТИДА ТИФ ТН КОДЛАРИНИ ТАСНИФЛАШ МУАММОЛАРИ
Ушбу тезисда автотранспорт воситалари импорти жараёнида товарлар номенклатурасини (ТИФ ТН кодини) нотўғри таснифлаш билан боғлиқ муаммолар ва уларнинг божхона аудитидаги молиявий оқибатлари тадқиқ этилган. Ишда 2022–2025 йиллар оралиғидаги божхона қонунбузилиши ҳолатлари статистик таҳлил қилиниб, ТИФ ТН кодларини танлашда импортёрлар дуч келадиган тизимли қийинчиликлар ва хавф-хатарлар илмий-амалий жиҳатдан асослаб берилган.
ТИФ ТН коди, божхона аудити, классификация, VIN код, божхона қиймати, импорт, қонунбузилиши ҳолатлари.
GIMNASTIKA ORQALI IZLARDA SOG‘LOM TURMUSH TARZINI SHAKLLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada gimnastika mashqlari orqali maktab yoshidagi qizlarda sog‘lom turmush tarzi ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Jismoniy faollik, uyqu rejimi, ovqatlanish odatlari, ekran vaqti va sog‘lom turmush tarzi haqidagi bilimlar kabi ko‘rsatkichlar bo‘yicha 5–7-sinf o‘quvchisi bo‘lgan 100 nafar qiz ishtirokida 5 oy davomida tadqiqot o‘tkazildi. Natijalar gimnastikaga asoslangan kompleks yondashuv qo‘llanilgan tajriba guruhida nazorat guruhiga nisbatan sezilarli yuqori ko‘rsatkichlarni namoyon etdi.
Primаry educаtion, mother tongue lessons, innovаtive technologies, intensive use, orgаnizаtionаl аnd methodologicаl foundаtions, multimediа tаsks, Wordwаll, Plickers, аdаptive tаsks, QR code-bаsed аctivities.
BUXORO QARLUQ SHEVALARIDA FONOMORFOLOGIK O‘ZGARISHLAR TALQINI
Ushbu maqolada Buxoro qarluq shevasida uchrovchi morfonologik hodisalar keltirib o‘tiladi. Asosan, reduplikatsiya hodisasiga katta e’tibor qaratilgan bo‘lib, ushbu jarayonga xos bo‘lgan bir nechta misollarni aynan Buxoro viloyati qarluq guruhi shevalarida ko‘rishimiz mumkin.
morfonologiya, asos, so‘z, reduplikatsiya, lahja, sheva.
CRITERIA AND DIAGNOSTIC METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
This article examines the criteria and diagnostic methods used to assess the professional adaptation of school psychologists. Professional adaptation is understood as the process through which a newly employed or early-career school psychologist aligns professional knowledge, practical skills, ethical standards, and workplace behavior with the demands of the school environment. The analysis shows that effective assessment requires multiple criteria, including role clarity, consultation skills, data-based decision making, emotional self-regulation, collaboration, and adherence to professional ethics. The article also highlights diagnostic methods such as observation, performance rubrics, supervision-based evaluation, self-assessment, portfolio analysis, and multi-source feedback.
school psychologists, professional adaptation, assessment criteria, diagnostic methods, supervision, evaluation rubrics, professional competence, school psychology.
TECHNOLOGIES FOR SHAPING STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE REFLECTION THROUGH INTERACTIVE METHODS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Interactive teaching methods are particularly effective for developing students’ metacognitive reflection because they engage learners in active thinking, self-monitoring, and feedback-driven revision. In higher education, metacognitive reflection helps students become more aware of how they learn, how they solve problems, and how they regulate cognition and emotion during academic tasks. This article examines the pedagogical technologies that support metacognitive reflection through collaborative tasks, reflective prompting, problem-based learning, peer dialogue, decision diagrams, and structured self-assessment. Based on ten verifiable sources, the article argues that interactive methods improve metacognitive awareness when they are systematic, scaffolded, and integrated into course design.
interactive teaching methods, metacognitive reflection, metacognition, reflective learning, self-regulated learning, higher education, collaborative learning, problem-based learning, self-assessment, pedagogical technologies.
SIRDARYO VILOYATI TOPONIMLARINING ETIMOLOGIK VA TARIXIY-GEOGRAFIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Mazkur maqolada Sirdaryo viloyatidagi ayrim toponimlarning kelib chiqishi, ularning etimologik asoslari, tarixiy manbalardagi qaydlari hamda semantik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu nomlarning shakllanish omillari yoritilishi orqali Sirdaryo viloyati toponimik tizimining tarixiy-lisoniy taraqqiyoti va hududning etnomadaniy xususiyatlari yoritiladi.
Til, so‘z, toponim, etnotoponim, etimologiya, tarix, geografiya.
METHODOLOGICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' EDUCATIONAL COMPETENCIES IN DIGITAL CULTURE AND INFORMATION SECURITY AND THE MECHANISM FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE
This article presents a methodological model for developing students' educational competencies in digital culture and information security and describes the mechanisms for its implementation in educational practice. The proposed model is based on competence-based, learner-centered, systemic, and activity-oriented approaches that integrate digital literacy, media and information literacy, cybersecurity awareness, digital ethics, and responsible digital citizenship. The study outlines the structural components of the model, pedagogical conditions, instructional methods, digital learning tools, and assessment mechanisms that support the effective formation of students' competencies. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of a scientifically grounded methodological model contributes to the development of students' critical thinking, responsible online behavior, and safe participation in the digital society.
digital culture, information security, educational competencies, methodological model, implementation mechanism, competence-based approach, digital literacy, cybersecurity, digital citizenship, digital education.
A SCORING ALGORITHM FOR DIFFERENTIATED SELECTION OF THE ENDOVIDEOSURGICAL HERNIOPLASTY METHOD IN INGUINAL HERNIAS
The choice of endovideosurgical technique for inguinal hernia repair is still largely empirical, and recurrence and chronic postoperative inguinal pain have not decreased substantially. An objective, quantitative tool linking method selection to the state of the muscular-aponeurotic frame and to other risk factors is therefore needed.