DEVELOPING PRACTICAL SKILLS IN PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY EDUCATION BASED ON THE STEM APPROACH

Abstract

This article examines how a STEM-based approach can systematically develop practical skills in physics and astronomy education. Drawing on recent empirical and conceptual studies, it synthesizes evidence on project- and problem-based learning, digital and virtual laboratories, integrated electronic and modular resources, and astronomy-focused professional development. Research indicates that STEM-integrated physics and astronomy foster experimental, research, design, critical thinking, and collaboration skills when learning is organized around real-world problems, hands-on inquiry, and digital technologies. The paper proposes a conceptual model for structuring practical skill development across physics and astronomy through integrated projects, competency-based assessment, and teacher professional development. Implications are offered for curriculum designers and teachers seeking to align practical work with 21st-century skill requirements.