Symposium on Natural and Applied Sciences
Symposium on Natural and Applied Sciences Aim & Scope: This symposium focuses on fundamental and applied research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and related natural sciences. It supports both theoretical and experimental studies that contribute to scientific advancement and practical applications. About E-Conferencia Platform: Through E-Conferencia, this symposium ensures an accessible digital environment for global knowledge exchange, allowing researchers to disseminate findings openly while maintaining rigorous peer-review standards. Hosted Online from: London, United Kingdom Schedule: 5th of Each Month
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HOUSEHOLD DEPOSITS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
This article examines the significance of household deposits in commercial banks as a source of financial resources for the economic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Household savings placed in bank deposits are considered a crucial channel for transforming accumulations into investments, ensuring the expansion of lending to the real sector and improving the population's standard of living. Based on statistical data on household deposit balances across commercial banks for the period from 1 January 2022 to 1 January 2026, an analysis of the dynamics, growth rates, and structure of the deposit base is conducted. It is established that the total volume of household deposits grew more than fourfold, indicating a substantial strengthening of public confidence in the banking system and an increase in saving activity. A high concentration of deposits within the group of the largest banks is demonstrated. Conclusions are drawn on the need to further stimulate organized household savings for sustainable economic growth.
household deposits, deposits, commercial banks, savings, investment, banking system, credit resources, economic growth, confidence in banks, financial intermediation, deposit structure, monetary policy, Republic of Uzbekistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE USE OF ELECTRONIC EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES BY TEACHERS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
Such technologies are based on the idea of expanding and deepening traditional educational text through more advanced learning materials and replacing it by using courses and animated fragments. In this process, interconnected nodes are created between selected text fragments. According to specialists, hypertext imitates the ability of human intelligence to retain large amounts of information and to search within it through associative communication and thinking processes. In other words, hypertext is a complexly organized system of educational materials that incorporates a large amount of static and dynamic information and has a generalized network structure. Text, graphics, diagrams, video fragments, executable programs, and animations serve as information fragments. Texts, in turn, may consist of smaller texts nested within one another many times, like a “matryoshka” (a doll within a doll).
ASSESSMENT OF WELDING JOINT QUALITY IN STORAGE TANKS OF HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES USING MODERN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING METHODS
Storage tanks used in hazardous industrial facilities are exposed to various operational loads, and the reliability of their welded joints directly affects the overall safety of the structure. This article examines the quality assessment of welded joints in storage tanks and analyzes the causes of defects that may occur during welding and operation. Particular attention is paid to the methods used for detecting welding defects, including visual inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiographic examination, and magnetic particle testing. The article concludes that regular inspection of welded joints, combined with proper maintenance and technical diagnostics, is necessary to ensure safe operation of storage tanks at hazardous industrial facilities.
storage tank, welded joint, welding defects, non-destructive testing, ultrasonic testing, technical inspection, industrial safety, structural reliability.
THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE TURKESTAN REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: MAIN DIRECTIONS AND OUTCOMES
In the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Turkestan Region occupied an important place in the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Empire. As a result of military campaigns, Russia established control over a significant part of Central Asia and developed a system of administrative governance, with the Turkestan Governor-Generalship becoming its most important component. The policy of the Russian Empire in the region was simultaneously aimed at strengthening its military and political positions, developing the local economy, and integrating the region into the imperial administrative and economic system. At the same time, Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia, known as the “Great Game,” played an important role in shaping Russian policy.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF INTRAUTERINE BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Intrauterine blood transfusion (IUHT) is a highly effective treatment for severe fetal anemia, significantly reducing perinatal mortality rates and improving pregnancy outcomes. The most common reason for IUHT remains hemolytic disease of the fetus due to Rh alloimmunization. However, in recent years, the indications for this procedure have expanded to include anemia due to parvovirus infection, fetomaternal hemorrhage, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and certain hereditary blood disorders. Modern advances in ultrasound diagnostics, middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasound, improved invasive techniques, and advances in fetal medicine have significantly improved the safety and effectiveness of the procedure.
intrauterine blood transfusion, fetal anemia, hemolytic disease of the fetus, Rh incompatibility, fetal therapy.
O'TKIR RESPIRATOR INFEKSIYALARI BILAN TEZ-TEZ KASALLANADIGAN BOLALARDA IMMUNITET HOLATI
Dolzarbligi: Tez-tez kasallanadigan bolalar pediatriyada eng bahsli va ijtimoiy jihatdan ahamiyatli guruhlardan birini tashkil qiladi. Ushbu bemor populyatsiyasida o'tkir respirator infeksiyalarning yuqori chastotasi nafaqat jiddiy yuqumli fonga, balki immun tizimidagi chuqur funktsional o'zgarishlarga ham bog'liq.
tez-tez kasallanadigan bolalar, o'tkir respirator infeksiyalar, hujayra immuniteti, gumoral immunitet, sekretor IgA, CD4+/CD8+, immunomodulyatsiya.
AGGREGATE-FORMATION MECHANISM OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER FLOCCULANTS AND A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEIR EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
This thesis compares the aggregate-formation mechanisms of natural and synthetic polymer flocculants and their efficiency in industrial wastewater treatment. Synthetic polyacrylamide (PAA) and sodium polyacrylate, together with modified natural-based polyacetylcellulose (PAC) and KMS, were studied. High-molecular-mass PAA formed large, strong flocs mainly by a bridging mechanism, whereas anionic sodium polyacrylate exhibited a charge-patch mechanism. Natural flocculants are environmentally safe but produce smaller and looser flocs. Owing to synergism, the composite system (PAA + sodium polyacrylate + PAC + KMS) provided the largest floc size (d₅₀ ≈ 820 μm) and 98.6 % turbidity removal. In settling velocity and residual turbidity the composite system surpassed all individual reagents.
flocculant, polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyacetylcellulose, bridging mechanism, charge patch, floc, settling velocity, synergism, wastewater.
HYDROBIOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL DYNAMICS OF THE TALIMARJAN RESERVOIR (UZBEKISTAN) BASED ON LONG-TERM MONITORING (2019–2023)
The present study evaluates long-term hydrobiological and hydrochemical dynamics of the Talimarjan Reservoir (Uzbekistan) based on 2019–2023 monitoring data. Seasonal variation in dissolved oxygen (DO), inorganic nitrogen (N), and water transparency was analyzed together with plankton and benthic community structure. Mean dissolved oxygen ranged from 7.5 mg/L in summer to 11.9 mg/L in winter. Inorganic nitrogen varied between 0.009–0.049 mg/L, with maximum values observed in summer.
Talimarjan Reservoir; hydrobiology; phytoplankton; nitrogen; dissolved oxygen; biodiversity; Anova; Uzbekistan.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMPARISON ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF YOUNG PEOPLE
This article investigates the impact of social media comparisons on the psychological well-being of adolescents and young adults. Exposure to idealized content, peer comparisons, and online validation affects self-esteem, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that excessive social comparison reduces psychological well-being, whereas mindful use and digital literacy mitigate these effects.
Social media, social comparison, youth, psychological well-being, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, digital literacy.
REFLECTIONS ON THE PRAGMATIC STUDY OF THE CATEGORY OF RELATION
In this article some views relating to the pragmatic interpretation of ratio category are expressed. The necessary common concepts for the pragmatic aspect of category are determined, as well.
ratio category, pragmatics, ratio area, ratio forms, world valence
VOLEYBOLDA UMUMIY VA MAXSUS JISMONIY SIFATLARNI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI
Ushbu maqolada voleybol sport turida umumiy va maxsus jismoniy sifatlarni rivojlantirish metodikasi, uning pedagogik asoslari va samarali yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda umumiy jismoniy tayyorgarlik va maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarlikning o'zaro bog'liqligi, kuch, tezlik, sakrovchanlik, chaqqonlik, chidamlilik va egiluvchanlik kabi asosiy jismoniy sifatlarni rivojlantirishning metodik bosqichlari, vositalari va usullari batafsil yoritiladi. Maqolada jismoniy sifatlarni rivojlantirishda yosh va individual xususiyatlarni hisobga olish, bosqichma-bosqichlik, muntazamlik va differensial yondashuv tamoyillari alohida tahlil qilinadi.
voleybol, umumiy jismoniy tayyorgarlik, maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarlik, jismoniy sifatlar, kuch, tezlik, sakrovchanlik, chaqqonlik, chidamlilik, egiluvchanlik, rivojlantirish metodikasi.
JISMONIY TARBIYANING UMUMIY TAMOYILLARIGA TAVSIF
Ushbu maqolada jismoniy tarbiya jarayonini tashkil etishning pedagogik asosi hisoblangan umumiy tamoyillarning mohiyati, mazmuni va amaliy ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada onglilik va faollik, ko‘rgazmalilik, izchillik va muntazamlik, yengildan og‘irga, individuallashtirish, mutanosiblik kabi asosiy didaktik tamoyillarning jismoniy tarbiya mashg‘ulotlarida tatbiq etilishi xususiyatlari yoritiladi. Shuningdek, ushbu tamoyillarning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, ularni mashg‘ulot jarayoniga kompleks tarzda joriy etishning pedagogik shart-sharoitlari hamda zamonaviy ta’lim amaliyotidagi o‘rni ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, jismoniy tarbiyaning umumiy tamoyillariga izchil amal qilish mashg‘ulot jarayonining ilmiy asoslangan, xavfsiz va yuqori samarali bo‘lishini ta’minlaydi.
jismoniy tarbiya, pedagogik tamoyillar, onglilik va faollik, ko‘rgazmalilik, izchillik, muntazamlik, individual yondashuv, mutanosiblik, didaktik tamoyillar, jismoniy mashqlar.
OLIY TA’LIM MUASSASALARIDA TALABALARNING KOGNITIV QIZIQISHLARINI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING PEDAGOGIK SHART-SHAROITLARI
Ushbu maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning kognitiv qiziqishlarini shakllantirish va rivojlantirishning amaldagi holati, mavjud muammolar va ular bilan bog‘liq pedagogik shart-sharoitlar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda kognitiv qiziqishlarning nazariy asoslari, ta’lim jarayonida ularning o‘rni, talabalar faoliyatini rag‘batlantirish usullari va interfaol pedagogik texnologiyalar yordamida rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada, shuningdek, oliy ta’lim muassasalarida kognitiv qiziqishlarni rivojlantirish jarayonida uchraydigan muammolar — motivatsiya yetishmovchiligi, dars jarayonining passivligi, individual yondashuvning yetishmasligi va zamonaviy texnologiyalarni to‘liq qo‘llashning cheklanishi kabi omillar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, kognitiv qiziqishlarni samarali rivojlantirish uchun pedagogik shart-sharoitlarni yaxshilash, interfaol va innovatsion metodlarni keng joriy etish, talabalar faoliyatini individual va tizimli tarzda qo‘llab-quvvatlash zarur. Shu bois maqolada kognitiv qiziqishlarni rivojlantirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar va amaliy chora-tadbirlar ham taqdim etilgan.
oliy ta’lim muassasalari, kognitiv qiziqish, talaba faoliyati, pedagogik shart-sharoitlar, motivatsiya, interfaol metodlar, innovatsion texnologiyalar, ta’lim sifati, individual yondashuv, pedagogik muammolar, o‘quv jarayoni, kreativ tafakkur, ta’limni modernizatsiya qilish.
DIGITAL GLOBALIZATION AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF PERSONAL SPIRITUAL VALUES: A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
Digital globalization has significantly reshaped the moral, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of contemporary society by transforming patterns of communication, knowledge production, and social interaction. This article examines the transformation of personal spiritual values under the conditions of digital globalization from a socio-philosophical perspective. It analyzes the influence of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, social media, and virtual communication on ethical consciousness, cultural identity, and individual value orientations. Particular attention is devoted to the challenges of preserving spirituality in an increasingly digital environment while balancing technological innovation with humanistic principles.
digital globalization, spiritual values, socio-philosophical analysis, digital ethics, cultural identity, moral consciousness, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, humanistic values, digital society.
SINONIMLARNI O'RGANISH JARAYONIDA TAQQOSLASH , TAHLIL QILISH
Ushbu maqolada Maqsud Shayxzoda sinonimlarni o‘rganish jarayonida taqqoslash, tahlil qilish, umumlashtirish va boshqa kognitiv jarayonlar haqida fikr yuritilgan. Hamda shoir Maqsud Shayxzoda she’rlarida uchraydigan sinonimlarning lingvopoetika jihatlari xususida ayrim mulohazalar bildirilgan.
sinonimlar, lingvopoetik xususiyatlar, polesemantika, leksema, leksek va konteksual sinonimlar , kontekst ,stilistik funksiyalar.
FOLKLORE AND FAIRY-TALE ARCHETYPES AS A POETIC MECHANISM OF MORAL MEANING IN THE NOVELS OF CHARLES DICKENS
This article investigates the function of folklore and fairy-tale archetypes in the poetics of Charles Dickens, arguing that they operate not as decorative borrowings but as a systematic mechanism for the expression of moral value. While the presence of fairy-tale motifs in Dickens has long been noted, scholarship has tended to register their similarity to folk material rather than to analyse their structural moral function. Taking Oliver Twist (1837–1839) and Great Expectations (1860–1861) as principal cases, and drawing on the wider corpus, the study shows how the fairy-tale opposition of good and evil, the motif of magical transformation, and the figure of the secret benefactor are reworked by Dickens into instruments of ethical analysis. The investigation employs close reading and a comparative-typological method. The findings indicate that the archetypal substratum performs three interrelated tasks: it organizes the moral architecture of the plot, it grounds the reader’s confidence in the ultimate meaningfulness of moral choice, and it allows the writer to combine realistic social critique with the affirmation of enduring moral values. The study contributes to an understanding of Dickensian poetics in which folklore is a constitutive rather than an ornamental element.
Charles Dickens, folklore, fairy-tale archetype, moral ideal, magical transformation, secret benefactor, Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, poetics, Victorian novel.
COMMUNITY IDENTITY AS AN INTEGRATED PART OF PLACE-IDENTITY
This article explores community identity as an integral component of place-identity in Louise Erdrich’s novel The Plague of Doves. The study focuses on the ways in which belonging to a family, community, region, and cultural memory shapes the self-perception of the characters. Drawing on Lee Cuba and David M. Hummon’s theoretical views on identification with dwelling, community, and region, the paper examines how local attachment, intergenerational memory, storytelling, and indigenous cultural heritage contribute to the construction of identity. Particular attention is paid to Evelina’s narrative perspective and Mooshum’s oral stories, which function as important sources of cultural continuity and communal belonging. The analysis shows that Erdrich represents place not merely as a geographical setting, but as a living cultural and emotional space where personal and collective identities intersect. The article argues that community identity in the novel is formed through shared history, kinship ties, oral tradition, and emotional attachment to land. Thus, The Plague of Doves demonstrates the inseparable connection between place, memory, and the formation of the self.
place-identity, community identity, belonging, Louise Erdrich, The Plague of Doves, indigenous culture, storytelling, regional identity
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARNI HARAKATLI O‘YINLAR VOSITASIDA HAR TOMONLAMA RIVOJLANTIRISHNING INNOVATSION METODIKASI
Ushbu tezisda maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning jismoniy, kognitiv va ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanishida harakatli o‘yinlarning tutgan o‘rni hamda ularni zamonaviy maktabgacha ta’lim tashkilotlari (MTT) amaliyotiga joriy etish usullari yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda harakatli o‘yinlarning bolalar motorikasi, diqqat konsentratsiyasi va tengdoshlar bilan kommunikativ ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdagi samaradorligi tahlil qilingan.
maktabgacha ta’lim, harakatli o‘yinlar, jismoniy rivojlanish, motorika, kognitiv faollik, ijtimoiylashuv,
INFLUENCE OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON THE Si(111) DIFFRACTION PEAK OF n-TYPE SILICON MONOCRYSTALS
This thesis investigates the influence of high-temperature thermal treatment on the structural state of n-type silicon monocrystals using X-ray diffraction analysis. Particular attention is focused on the (111)Si diffraction peak, which is the dominant reflection for the investigated n-Si samples. The XRD patterns show that the initial n-Si monocrystal exhibits a sharp and intense (111)Si peak near 2θ ≈ 28.5°, indicating a highly oriented crystalline structure. After annealing at 1300 °C, the intensity of the (111)Si reflection decreases significantly, while the peak position slightly shifts and the full width at half maximum changes from 0.144° to 0.134°. These changes indicate that thermal treatment causes structural reorganization in the silicon lattice, including redistribution of impurity atoms, partial relaxation of internal stresses, and modification of defect-related microstrain. The decrease in peak intensity suggests a reduction in the coherently diffracting volume, whereas the narrowing of the diffraction peak may be associated with partial ordering or enlargement of coherent scattering regions. The obtained results confirm that high-temperature annealing is an important technological factor influencing the crystallographic perfection and microstructural state of phosphorus-doped n-type silicon monocrystals.
X-ray diffraction, thermal treatment, annealing, FWHM, microstrain, silicon monocrystal.
DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION INITIATIVES - MEASURING THE BUSINESS IMPACT OF DEI PROGRAMS ON INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE
This article analyzes the impact of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principles on business performance within modern corporate governance. The study demonstrates that DEI initiatives are not merely a matter of social responsibility but a strategic engine that fosters innovation and ensures financial stability. Drawing on both international and national experiences, the paper explores the role of cognitive diversity in decision-making, the economic benefits of employee retention, and the methodology for measuring the ROI of DEI programs. Finally, practical recommendations are provided for enhancing corporate culture within the context of Uzbekistan’s evolving market landscape.
Diversity, corporate governance, inclusion, cognitive diversity, innovation premium, ROI (Return on Investment), human resources policy, gender equality, strategic management, economy of Uzbekistan.
THE ROLE OF ADAPTIVE FORECASTING IN STOCK PERFORMANCE PREDICTION UNDER FINANCIAL UNCERTAINTY
Modern financial markets are characterized by increasing uncertainty resulting from economic fluctuations, technological innovations, geopolitical developments, and changing investor behavior. Under such conditions, forecasting stock performance has become increasingly complex, requiring analytical approaches capable of responding to rapidly changing market environments. Traditional forecasting methods, which often rely on historical data and fixed assumptions, may not adequately capture the dynamic nature of contemporary financial markets.
environmental monitoring, volatility assessment, behavioral analysis, market interaction evaluation
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ КОММУНИКАТИВНОГО ПОДХОДА И СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ОБУЧЕНИИ АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
В данной статье рассматривается роль коммуникативного подхода и современных педагогических технологий в развитии языковой компетенции учащихся при обучении английскому языку. Исследование подчеркивает практическую значимость интерактивных методов обучения, информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) и принципов личностно-ориентированного образования. Показано, что использование коммуникативно-ориентированных видов деятельности на занятиях способствует повышению мотивации обучающихся, развитию самостоятельного мышления и коммуникативной компетенции. Кроме того, в статье представлены научные и практические рекомендации по повышению эффективности обучения иностранным языкам.
английский язык, коммуникативный подход, интерактивное обучение, цифровые технологии, коммуникативная компетенция, инновационная педагогика, методика преподавания иностранных языков.
This article discusses the role of modern technologies in education and their impact on the teaching and learning process. It highlights the advantages of digital tools, including easy access to information, interactive learning methods, and opportunities for distance education. The article also examines the challenges associated with technology use, such as excessive screen time and unequal access to digital resources. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of responsible technology integration to improve educational quality and prepare students for the digital future.
Education, Modern Technologies, Digital Learning, Online Education, E-learning, Educational Technology, Distance Learning, Digital Resources, Interactive Learning, Teaching Methods, Students, Teachers, Information Access, Innovation in Education, Digital Age.
VIRTUAL MUZEYLAR ORQALI TARIX DARSLARIDA TANQIDIY TAFAKKURNI RIVOJLANTIRISH: MUAMMOLAR VA YECHIMLAR
Ushbu maqolada virtual muzeylar orqali tarix darslarida tanqidiy tafakkurni rivojlantirishning muammolari va yechimlari ko'rib chiqiladi. Tarixiy dalillarni tanqidiy baholash, tarixiy manbalarga munosabat va tarixiy interpretatsiyalarni solishtirish jarayonlarida virtual muzeylardan samarali foydalanish yo'llari tahlil qilingan. Bo'lajak tarix o'qituvchilarini tayyorlashda tanqidiy yondashuvni rivojlantirishning amaliy tavsiyalari ishlab chiqilgan.
tanqidiy tafakkur, tarixiy dalillar, tarixiy manbalar, bo'lajak o'qituvchilar, virtual muzey
O‘QISH SAVODXONLIGI DARSLARIDA SAVOL-TOPSHIRIQLAR TIZIMI ORQALI MATNNI TUSHUNISH KO‘NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida savol-topshiriqlar tizimi orqali matnni tushunish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish muammosi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada savolning oddiy nazorat vositasi emas, balki o‘quvchini matn bilan muloqotga kirita oladigan, dalil izlashga, sabab-oqibat bog‘lanishlarini aniqlashga, qahramon xatti-harakatini baholashga, matndan tashqari xulosa chiqarishga va mustaqil fikr bildirishga undaydigan didaktik mexanizm ekanligi asoslanadi. Tadqiqotda reproduktiv, izohli, tahliliy, muammoli, inferensial va ijodiy savollar tizimi ajratib ko‘rsatildi. Savol-topshiriqlarni bosqichli, mezonli va kompetensiyaga yo‘naltirilgan tarzda tuzish boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida o‘qish motivatsiyasi, nutqiy faollik, semantik xotira va mantiqiy fikrlashni kuchaytirishi aniqlanadi.
savol-topshiriq, matnni tushunish, o‘qish savodxonligi, inferensial fikrlash, boshlang‘ich sinf, tahliliy savol, dalil bilan javob
THE CULTURE OF MARRIAGE IN FAMILY RELATIONS
This article examines the culture of marriage within the framework of family relations, highlighting its significance as a matter of state importance for nurturing future generations. Drawing on the etymological roots of 'nikah' as a sacred union, the author explores the foundational role of the family as the primary nucleus of society. The study defines marital culture through its physiological, ethical, and legal dimensions, emphasizing that a successful marriage requires both physical health and spiritual maturity. The source identifies several contemporary challenges, including the negative influence of "popular culture" on youth, the risks associated with virtual courtship, and the critical issue of consanguineous marriages, which significantly increase the risk of genetic disorders. Furthermore, the article underscores the importance of legal literacy and mutual respect between spouses to prevent domestic abuse. Ultimately, the author concludes that stable family relations, anchored in discipline and respect for rights, are essential for the prosperity of the nation and the state.
Marriage culture, family relations, nikah, matchmaking, consanguineous marriage, genetic disorders, ethical education, youth, legal protection, Uzbekistan.
DEVELOPMENT AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE NON-STATE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the role of non-state education in the education system of Uzbekistan, as well as the reforms implemented in recent years and their outcomes. Furthermore, it reveals the impact of the development of non-state education on social progress and the intellectual profile of society.
non-state education, competitive workforce, human capital, quality competition.
THE POETICS OF IDENTITY CRISIS IN CONTEMPORARY DETECTIVE FICTION
This paper explores how contemporary detective fiction transforms the detective protagonist into a figure of existential uncertainty. Through a comparative reading of Nuriddin Ismoilov's “O'limga mahkum qilinganlar” and “Tana French's In the Woods”, the study argues that the modern detective is no longer presented only as an investigator who solves a criminal case. Instead, the protagonist becomes a character whose work exposes a deeper crisis of identity, memory, loyalty, and moral responsibility. In Ismoilov's novel, Sobir exists inside a dangerous world of secret service, disguise, and constant vigilance, and this environment makes identity appear unstable but ethically necessary. In French's novel, the detective is shaped by memory, trauma, and the pressure of an unresolved past, so the investigation becomes a personal search for meaning as much as a professional task. The comparison shows that detective fiction in the contemporary period often uses crime narratives to examine the fragile relation between outward roles and inward selfhood.
contemporary detective fiction; identity crisis; existential hero; psychological conflict; moral responsibility; memory; trauma; Nuriddin Ismoilov; Tana French; detective protagonist
AYOL OBRAZINING DAVRIY TRANSFORMATSIYASI: ANTIK ADABIYOT VA HOZIRGI DAVR ADABIYOTI MISOLIDA
Mazkur maqolada antik davr adabiyoti va hozirgi davr adabiyotida ayol obrazining tasvirlanishidagi davriy transformatsiya badiiy-estetik, ijtimoiy-falsafiy va psixologik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Antik adabiyotda ayol obrazi ko‘pincha mifologik tafakkur, ilohiy kuchlar, taqdir, qahramonlik, sadoqat va fojeaviy qarama-qarshiliklar bilan bog‘liq holda gavdalangan bo‘lsa, hozirgi davr adabiyotida u mustaqil shaxs, ichki kechinmalarga ega subyekt, ijtimoiy muhit bilan ziddiyatga kirishuvchi va o‘zligini anglashga intiluvchi obraz sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Tadqiqotda Gomer, Sofokl, Evripid kabi antik mualliflar hamda zamonaviy adabiyot vakillari ijodidagi ayol obrazlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ayol obrazining tarixiy taraqqiyoti adabiyotning inson, jamiyat, axloq va gender munosabatlarini anglashdagi badiiy imkoniyatlarini kengaytirgani asoslanadi.
ayol obrazi, antik adabiyot, hozirgi davr adabiyoti, transformatsiya, mifologik tafakkur, gender, ijtimoiy muhit, ruhiy kechinma, badiiy talqin.
SOURCES OF FINANCING THE SOCIAL SERVICES MARKET AND WAYS TO IMPROVE ITS EFFICIENCY
This article examines the sources of financing the social services market and identifies ways to improve their efficiency. The study analyzes the role of state budget funds, extra-budgetary resources, private sector participation, public-private partnership mechanisms, grants, and social investment instruments in ensuring the sustainable development of social services. Particular attention is paid to the efficient allocation of financial resources, transparency of funding mechanisms, targeted support for vulnerable groups, and the improvement of service quality. The article substantiates that diversifying financing sources, strengthening institutional mechanisms, introducing performance-based funding, and expanding digital monitoring systems can significantly increase the efficiency of the social services market.
Social services market, financing sources, public-private partnership, social investment, budget funds, efficiency, social policy, institutional mechanisms.