International Conference on Education, Psychology and Humanities
International Conference on Education, Psychology and Humanities Aim & Scope: This conference focuses on education, pedagogy, psychology, human development, language, literature, arts, and humanities. It promotes interdisciplinary perspectives on learning, culture, and society. About E-Conferencia Platform: E-Conferencia ensures long-term accessibility and academic credibility of humanities and education research through open-access conference proceedings. Hosted Online from: Moscow, Russia Schedule: 28th of Each Month
В работе изучена взаимосвязь уровня мелатонина с показателями состава тела у пациентов с ожирением. В исследование включены 75 пациентов, из которых 60 имели ожирение, а 15 лиц с нормальной массой тела составили контрольную группу. Оценка состава тела проводилась методом биоимпедансного анализа с использованием анализатора InBody 770, уровень мелатонина определяли в слюне в ночное время. У пациентов с ожирением выявлен достоверно более низкий уровень мелатонина по сравнению с контрольной группой. Установлены выраженные отрицательные корреляции уровня мелатонина с индексом массы тела, жировой массой и показателем висцерального жира, а также положительные корреляции с мышечной массой и общим содержанием воды в организме. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о тесной взаимосвязи между снижением уровня мелатонина и неблагоприятными изменениями состава тела при ожирении.
мелатонин, ожирение, состав тела, биоимпедансный анализ, висцеральный жир, индекс массы тела, циркадные ритмы.
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LIFE-CYCLE AND CALENDAR CLASSIFICATION OF RITUAL ETHNOGRAPHISMS IN UZBEK, KARAKALPAK, AND TURKMEN LANGUAGES OF KARAKALPAKSTAN
The division of ritual vocabulary merely into “wedding-related” and “mourning-related” units does not fully reveal its internal structure. A ritual is a system of actions, objects, and speech formulas performed at a specific time by designated participants. Therefore, its name often foregrounds only one feature of the event: in beshikka solish (“placing the baby in the cradle”), the object is central; in ism qo‘yish (“naming”), the result is emphasized; in hashar, the form of participation is foregrounded; while in yo‘qlov (“lament”), vocal performance occupies the central position.
THE MEANING OF EXISTENCE AND THE MATTER OF FATE IN THE NOVEL “OF HUMAN BONDAGE”
This article analyzes the artistic expression of human destiny and existential problems in the novel “Of Human Bondage” by the English writer Somerset Maugham. The work raises questions about human existence, freedom, and the meaning of life through the life quests, choices, and sufferings of the main character Philip Carey. The main concepts of existential philosophy — self-awareness, the search for meaning, loneliness, absurdity, and responsibility for choice — become central themes in the poetics of the novel. The article sheds light on the place of Maugham’s work in the existential context and the writer’s concept of destiny from an artistic and philosophical perspective.
existentialism, destiny, choice, freedom, responsibility, meaning of life, Somerset Maugham, Philip Carey, absurd.
SEMANTIC VARIATION AND TERMINOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE IN MULTILINGUAL UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTATION
Multilingual United Nations documentation represents a complex institutional environment in which specialized concepts are expressed through different linguistic systems while being expected to preserve a high degree of semantic and terminological consistency. The present study examines the relationship between semantic variation and terminological convergence in multilingual United Nations documents. The central problem addressed in the study concerns the coexistence of linguistic variation and institutional standardization: equivalent concepts may receive structurally, semantically or contextually different realizations across languages, while institutional communication simultaneously requires stable and recognizable terminology. The research adopts a corpus-based comparative approach and analyses multilingual terminological correspondences in official United Nations documentation.
semantic variation, terminological convergence, United Nations documentation, multilingual terminology, parallel corpus, institutional discourse, terminology standardization, semantic equivalence.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE UZBEKISTAN–AFGHANISTAN BORDER REGIME: ON THE QUESTION OF PERIODISATION (1991–2024)
The thesis analyses the changes in the border regime between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan on the basis of normative documents. The author distinguishes five stages of the regime and proposes to treat the border regime as an independent criterion for the periodisation of the history of bilateral relations.
Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, border regime, transit, periodisation, Hairatan, Termez, free trade zone.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSTWAR DEMOGRAPHIC AND SANITARY SITUATION AND DECISIVE STATE MEASURES IMPLEMENTED (1946–1953)
Based on historical and medical literature, statistical handbooks and published sources, the article analyses the demographic and sanitary-epidemiological situation in the Uzbek SSR in the first postwar years (1946–1953) and the decisive measures implemented by the state. The consequences of wartime human losses, the compensatory rise in the birth rate, the epidemic burden of malaria and other infectious diseases, as well as the reorganisation of the health-care network, the anti-malaria campaign, mass immunisation and the development of maternal and child health services are examined. It is concluded that the measures of 1946–1953 laid the foundation for the sanitary transformation of the republic in the following decades.
Uzbek SSR, postwar period, demography, sanitary-epidemiological situation, public health, malaria control, immunisation, medical personnel, Surkhandarya.
ЁШЛАРДА ЖАМОАВИЙ-ЛИДЕРЛИК КОМПЕТЕНТЛИГИНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШДА МАВЖУД БЎЛГАН МУАММОЛАР ВА УЛАРНИ БАРТАРАФ ЭТИШНИНГ АСОСИЙ ЙЎНАЛИШЛАРИ
Олий таълим тизимида рақобатбардош, жамоада ишлай оладиган ва стратегик ташаббус кўрсатишга қодир мутахассисларни тайёрлаш бугунги куннинг энг долзарб вазифаларидан биридир. Шахс камолотида етакчилик сифатлари фақатгина индивидуал хусусият бўлмай, балки ижтимоий муҳит, таълим муассасасининг ташкилий тузилмаси, оилавий ва этномаданий омиллар билан узвий боғлиқликда шаклланади.
КОКЦИНЕЛЛИДЛАРNI O’RGANISH BO’YICHA ADABIYOTLAR TAHLILI
Кокцинеллидлар (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) қишлоқ хўжалик экинлари кўпчилик зараркунандаларининг самарали табиий кушандаси ҳисобланиб, биологик курашда муҳим аҳамият касб этади. Дастлабки машхур швед олими Карл Линней ўсимлик битларига қарши хонқизи қўнғизлари ва олтинкўзни қўллашни тавсия этган (Коппел, Мертинг, 1980). Эразм Дарвин эса иссиқхоналарни ўсимлик битларидан тозалаш мақсадида хонқизи қўнғизларидан фойдаланишни маслаҳат берган (Darwin, 1800). Англияда ўсимлик битларини йўқотиш мақсадида далада ва иссиқхоналарда зараркунандага қарши хонқизи қўнғизларини тарқатиш таклиф этилган (Kirby, Spence, 1954).
ТАЛАБА-ЁШЛАР ОРАСИДА МАЪНАВИЙ-МАЪРИФИЙ ФАОЛИЯТНИ ТАКОМИЛЛАШТИРИШНИНГ МЕТОДОЛОГИК АСОСЛАРИ
«Маънавий-маърифий фаолият» атамаси икки мустақил, лекин ўзаро боғланган тушунчанинг қўшилишидан ташкил топган ва айнан бу қўшилиш унинг педагогик ўзига хослигини белгилайди. Маънавият категорияси инсоннинг қадриятли-ахлоқий ўзагини, унинг эзгулик, адолат, масъулият ва мазмун ҳақидаги тасаввурларини ифодалайди; у аксиологик табиатга эга ва ўзлаштирилмайди, балки шахс томонидан ички қабул қилинади. Маърифат категорияси эса билим, англаш ва тушунишни, яъни гносеологик жараённи ифодалайди. Мазкур икки ўлчов ўртасидаги муносабат оддий қўшилиш эмас, ўзаро шартланиш муносабатидир: маънавиятсиз маърифат хабардорликка, яъни ахлоқий мўлжалдан маҳрум ахборот эгаллашга айланади; маърифатсиз маънавият эса догмага, яъни асосланмаган ва танқидга берилмайдиган эътиқодга айланади.
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ТРАНСФОРМАТИВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ТРАНСФОРМАТИВНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ
трансформативное образование, трансформативное обучение, рефлексивное мышление, критическое мышление, компетентностный подход, инновационная педагогика, непрерывное образование.
РОЛЬ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ СОВМЕСТНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ (CO-TEACHING) В РАЗВИТИИ КОГНИТИВНО-АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ
В данной статье проанализированы педагогические возможности технологии совместного обучения (Co-Teaching) в развитии когнитивно-аналитических навыков обучающихся. Раскрыто влияние данного подхода на повышение эффективности образовательного процесса, формирование критического мышления, развитие умений решать проблемы, осуществлять логический анализ и рефлексивную деятельность. Результаты исследования научно обосновывают эффективность модели Co-Teaching как средства совершенствования компетентностно-ориентированного образования и развития аналитического мышления обучающихся.
совместное обучение, Co-Teaching, когнитивные навыки, аналитическое мышление, критическое мышление, компетентностный подход, педагогическая технология.
FRAME NARRATIVE, PLOT, AND MOTIF TYPOLOGY IN THE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS AND BOCCACCIO’S DECAMERON
This article compares the narrative organization of The Thousand and One Nights and Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron through the categories of frame narrative, narrative situation, temporal design, embedded storytelling, plot circulation, and ethical function. The study does not assume a direct genetic dependence between the two works. Instead, it distinguishes documented transmission, probable mediation, and typological parallelism, thereby avoiding the common methodological error of treating similarity as proof of borrowing. A comparative-narratological analysis shows that both collections transform a situation of crisis into a productive storytelling order. In The Thousand and One Nights, Shahrazad’s narration postpones death and gradually re-educates sovereign power; in the Decameron, ten young Florentines answer the social disintegration caused by the plague by constructing a temporary community governed by time, rules, themes, and reciprocal listening. The two frames therefore perform more than a connective or decorative function: they determine how the embedded tales are interpreted. At the same time, their compositional logics differ. The Nights is based on potentially open-ended continuation, suspense, interruption, and hierarchical address, whereas the Decameron is based on a closed numerical architecture, rotating authority, thematic days, and collective evaluation.
The Thousand and One Nights; Decameron; frame narrative; comparative literature; motif; plot; narratology; typology; storytelling.
РАЗВИТИЕ ТВОРЧЕСКИХ СПОСОБНОСТЕЙ УЧАЩИХСЯ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЫ НА УРОКАХ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ
В статье анализируются педагогические аспекты применения разнородного природного материала на занятиях по технологии для младших школьников. Показано значение такого материала в формировании творчества, умений рукотворной работы, активности ребенка, его экологического сознания. В работе рассмотрены новые методики обучения и применение STEAM образовательного подхода к организации учебно – практической работы.
урок технологии; креативность; натуральные материалы; отходы, переработка отходов; STEAM образование; деятельностный подход; экологическое развитие.
STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL REPRESENTATION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND UZBEK MEDIA DISCOURSE
This article investigates the structural-semantic and linguocultural representation of gender stereotypes in English-language social media discourse from a comparative perspective. The study examines media texts published on popular social networking platforms, focusing on the linguistic means through which traditional and contemporary gender stereotypes are constructed and communicated. Particular attention is paid to lexical choices, evaluative vocabulary, modal constructions, and pragmatic strategies that shape representations of masculinity and femininity. The analysis demonstrates that social media simultaneously preserve traditional patriarchal gender models and promote emerging discourses of gender equality and individual self-realization.
gender stereotypes; social media discourse; media linguistics; linguoculturology; structural-semantic analysis; discourse analysis; pragmatics; English language; digital communication; gender representation.
O‘ZBEKISTON SSRDA FUTBOL STADIONLARI VA MASHG‘ULOT BAZALARINING HUDUDIY JOYLASHUVI: 1960–1980-YILLARDAGI REJALASHTIRISH SIYOSATI VA UNING TARIXIY OQIBATLARI
Maqolada 1960–1980-yillarda O‘zbekiston SSR hududida futbol stadionlari, mashg‘ulot bazalari, idoraviy maydonlar va bolalar-o‘smirlar sport maktablarining joylashuv qonuniyatlari tarixiy va fazoviy yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot futbol infratuzilmasini alohida obyektlar yig‘indisi emas, balki shaharlar ierarxiyasi, sanoat korxonalari, transport tarmoqlari, idoraviy homiylik va sport boshqaruvi o‘zaro ta’sirida shakllangan hududiy tizim sifatida izohlaydi. Toshkent va ayrim viloyat markazlarida yuqori darajadagi stadion hamda bazalarning jamlanishi ittifoq miqyosidagi musobaqalar talabiga javob bergan bo‘lsa, qishloq tumanlari va iqtisodiy bazasi zaif shaharlarda standart maydon, murabbiylik va tibbiy xizmat taqchilligi saqlanib qolgan. Ilmiy yangilik sovet rejalashtirish modelining hududiy nosimmetrikligi mustaqillik davridagi futbol siyosatiga qanday institutsional meros qoldirganini infratuzilma zanjiri va yo‘lga bog‘liqlik nazariyasi orqali ochib berishda namoyon bo‘ladi. Natijalar yangi obyekt qurish bilan birga mavjud bazalarning bandligi, texnik holati va hududiy kirish imkonini o‘lchash zarurligini ko‘rsatadi.
futbol infratuzilmasi, stadion, mashg‘ulot bazasi, hududiy rejalashtirish, idoraviy sport, shaharlar ierarxiyasi, hududiy nosimmetriklik, institutsional meros, ommaviy futbol
O‘ZBEKISTONDA PROFESSIONAL FUTBOL BOSHQARUVIDA VAKOLATLAR TAQSIMOTI: FEDERATSIYA, ASSOTSIATSIYA, LIGA VA KLUBLAR O‘RTASIDAGI INSTITUTSIONAL MUNOSABATLAR, 1992–2023-YILLAR
Maqolada 1992–2023-yillarda O‘zbekistonda professional futbol boshqaruvining institutsional evolyutsiyasi vakolatlar taqsimoti nuqtayi nazaridan tahlil qilinadi. Milliy futbol federatsiyasining tashkil topishi, FIFA tizimiga qo‘shilish, professional liganing funksional ajralishi, federatsiyaning assotsiatsiya shakliga o‘tishi va futbol akademiyalari tarmog‘ining qayta tartibga solinishi tarixiy-huquqiy bosqichlar sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot davlat organlari, O‘zbekiston futbol assotsiatsiyasi, Professional futbol ligasi, hududiy assotsiatsiyalar va klublar o‘rtasidagi strategiya, musobaqa, litsenziyalash, intizom, yoshlar tayyorlash, infratuzilma va moliyalashtirish vakolatlarini qiyoslaydi. Natijalar davlat ko‘magi resurslarni safarbar etishda muhim bo‘lganini, biroq vazifa, vakolat va javobgarlik bir subyektda jamlanmaganda hisobdorlik susayishini ko‘rsatadi. Ilmiy yangilik boshqaruv modelini tashkilot nomlari tarixi emas, qaror qabul qilish va natija uchun javobgarlik zanjiri orqali baholashdan iborat. Maqolada vakolatlar matritsasi, ochiq yillik hisobot, manfaatlar to‘qnashuvini boshqarish va hududiy assotsiatsiyalar salohiyatini baholash mexanizmlari taklif etiladi.
futbol boshqaruvi, futbol federatsiyasi, futbol assotsiatsiyasi, professional futbol ligasi, vakolatlar taqsimoti, institutsional evolyutsiya, hisobdorlik, klub litsenziyalashi, sport siyosati
MAHALLA MUHITIDA OMMAVIY FUTBOLNING IJTIMOIY-MADANIY FUNKSIYALARI: AN’ANAVIY JAMOAVIY O‘YINLAR TAJRIBASI VA ZAMONAVIY SPORT IJTIMOIYLASHUVI
Maqolada mahalla muhitida ommaviy futbolning ijtimoiylashuv, mahalliy birdamlik, avlodlararo aloqa, norasmiy ta’lim va sport seleksiyasi bilan bog‘liq funksiyalari tarixiy-etnologik yondashuv asosida tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot an’anaviy harakatli va jamoaviy o‘yinlarni zamonaviy futbolning bevosita kelib chiqish manbai sifatida emas, balki raqobat, jamoaviy kelishuv, tomoshaboplik va mahalliy obro‘ni tartibga soluvchi madaniy tajriba sifatida izohlaydi. Mahalla maydonlarida shakllangan norasmiy futbol bolalarning o‘yinga arzon va erkin kirishini ta’minlaydi, biroq maydon xavfsizligi, malakali murabbiy, qizlarning ishtiroki, yosh toifalari va professional seleksiya bilan aloqa kabi muammolarni ham yuzaga chiqaradi. Ilmiy yangilik ommaviy futbolning sport natijasidan tashqari ijtimoiy kapital yaratish, nizolarni qoidali raqobatga aylantirish va mahalliy identifikatsiyani mustahkamlash mexanizmlarini tizimli tavsiflashdan iborat. Maqolada maktab, mahalla, ko‘ngilli murabbiy, hududiy futbol maktabi va ota-onalarni bog‘laydigan xavfsiz hamda inklyuziv “mahalla futbol ekotizimi” modeli taklif qilinadi.
mahalla, ommaviy futbol, milliy o‘yinlar, ijtimoiylashuv, jamoaviy identifikatsiya, ijtimoiy kapital, norasmiy sport, inklyuzivlik, futbol madaniyati
O‘ZBEKISTONDA FUTBOL BO‘YICHA YOSHLAR ZAXIRASINI TAYYORLASHNING INSTITUTSIONAL MODELI: SPORT MAKTABLARIDAN HUDUDIY FUTBOL AKADEMIYALARIGACHA
Maqolada O‘zbekistonda yosh futbolchilar zaxirasini tayyorlash tizimining bolalar-o‘smirlar sport maktablari, sport-internatlar va idoraviy klublar modelidan hududiy futbol akademiyalari, murabbiylarni litsenziyalash va bosqichli seleksiya tizimiga o‘tishi qiyosiy-institutsional yondashuv asosida o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqot 1960–1991, 1992–2017 va 2018–2023-yillarni uchta analitik davr sifatida ajratib, qabul va seleksiya, mashg‘ulot mazmuni, murabbiy malakasi, musobaqa amaliyoti, tibbiy-ilmiy kuzatuv hamda professional klubga o‘tish mezonlarini taqqoslaydi. Natijalar sovet modelining muntazam mashg‘ulot, jamoaviy intizom va davlat tomonidan qo‘llab-quvvatlangan musobaqa piramidasini shakllantirganini, ammo hududiy markazlashuv va individual rivojlanishni qayd etishdagi cheklovlar saqlanganini ko‘rsatadi. Mustaqillik davrida akademiyalar va xalqaro litsenziyalash joriy etildi, biroq sport maktabi, akademiya va professional klub o‘rtasidagi o‘tish mezonlari barcha hududlarda bir xil ishlamaydi. Maqolada futbolchi rivojlanishining yagona raqamli pasporti, murabbiy kompetensiyalarini davriy baholash, dual ta’lim va hududiy seleksiya auditiga asoslangan amaliy model taklif etiladi.
yosh futbolchi, futbol akademiyasi, sport maktabi, seleksiya, murabbiy litsenziyasi, iste’dodni rivojlantirish, inson kapitali, professional klub, dual ta’lim
MATEMATIKA DARSLARIDA PISA TOPSHIRIQLARIDAN FOYDALANISH METODIKASI
Maqolada matematika darslarini xalqaro PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) baholash dasturi talablari asosida tashkil etishning nazariy-metodik asoslari yoritilgan. O‘quvchilarning matematik savodxonligini rivojlantirishda PISA formatidagi topshiriqlarning pedagogik imkoniyatlari, ularni umumta’lim maktablari matematika darslariga integratsiya qilish tamoyillari hamda kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida o‘qitish metodikasi tahlil qilingan.
PISA, matematik savodxonlik, funksional savodxonlik, kompetensiya, matematika ta’limi, PISA topshiriqlari, matematik modellashtirish, tanqidiy fikrlash, metodika.
ABU RAYHON BERUNIY ILMIY MEROSINI KARTOGRAFIYA TA’LIMIGA INTEGRATSIYA QILISH ASOSIDA TALABALARNING KARTOGRAFIK KOMPETENTLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Maqolada Abu Rayhon Beruniyning kartografiya, geodeziya va geografiya sohalaridagi ilmiy merosi asosida talabalarning kartografik kompetentligini rivojlantirish texnologiyasi yoritilgan. Zamonaviy geoaxborot tizimlari, raqamli kartografiya va masofadan turib kuzatish texnologiyalarini Beruniyning ilmiy qarashlari bilan integratsiya qilish orqali bo‘lajak muhandislarning kasbiy kompetentligini shakllantirish masalalari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, kartografiya fanini o‘qitishda tarixiy-ilmiy merosga asoslangan innovatsion pedagogik yondashuvlarni qo‘llashning ahamiyati asoslab berilgan.
Abu Rayhon Beruniy, kartografiya, kartografik kompetentlik, geoaxborot tizimlari, raqamli kartografiya, innovatsion texnologiya, geodeziya, ta’lim texnologiyasi.
О‘SMIRLАRDА IJОDIY QОBILIYАTLАRNING NАMОYОN BО‘LISHI HАQIDА SHАRQ VА G‘АRB MUTАFАKKIR-ОLIMLАRINING ILMIY-NАZАRIY QАRАSHLАRI
Ushbu maqolada o‘smirlik davri inson hayotining eng muhim rivojlanish bosqichlaridan biri ekanligi, shaxsning jismoniy, psixologik va ijtimoiy jihatdan yetilishini belgilaydigan omillar keltirilgan. O‘smirlik davri shaxsning bilish jarayonlari, tafakkur, ijodiy qobiliyat va hissiy-irodaviy holatlarining jadal rivojlanishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Shu bois, o‘smirlikni o‘rganish psixologiya, pedagogika va ijtimoiy fanlar uchun dolzarb masala hisoblanadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, o‘smirlar tajriba orqali o‘rganishga intiladi, yangilikka qiziqadi va o‘zini ijtimoiy muhitda sinashga harakat qiladi.
o‘smirlik davri, shaxsning bilish jarayonlari, tafakkur, maxsus, xususiy va ijodiy qobiliyatlar, hissiy-irodaviy jarayonlar, iqtidor, iste’dod, intellekt.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL REGULARITIES OF COMPOSITE COAGULANTS SYNTHESISED FROM LOCAL MINERAL RAW MATERIALS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
This thesis investigates the physico-chemical regularities of a composite mineral–organic coagulant obtained from local bentonite clay and sapropel (mass ratio 60:40) in the treatment of industrial wastewater. The mechanism of action is multistage: adsorptive capture is provided by the high specific surface area and cation-exchange capacity of bentonite, while the binding of organic particles is ensured by the humic substances of sapropel. The coagulation activity was compared with potassium–aluminium sulfate and iron(III) chloride. At an optimal dose of 100 mg/L and pH 6.8–7.4, turbidity removal reached 95.6 % and COD removal 71.4 %. Zeta-potential measurements showed a shift of the system towards the isoelectric zone through charge neutralisation. The results justify the development of an inexpensive, environmentally safe coagulant based on local raw materials.
Composite coagulant, bentonite, sapropel, coagulation, zeta potential, adsorption, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, industrial wastewater, local raw materials.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT TRAINING IN DEVELOPING THE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The increasing demands placed on university students require the development of both physical fitness and psychological resilience. Among female students, improving self-confidence, emotional stability, physical preparedness, and self-defense skills has become an important objective of modern physical education. Hand-to-hand combat training represents an effective educational tool that combines physical exercise with psychological conditioning. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hand-to-hand combat training in improving the physical and psychological readiness of female university students. The research was conducted during the 2025–2026 academic year and involved 80 female students aged 18–22 years. The participants were divided into a control group (n=40), which followed the traditional physical education curriculum, and an experimental group (n=40), which participated in a structured hand-to-hand combat training program for five months. Physical preparedness was assessed through speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, agility, and coordination tests, while psychological readiness was evaluated using standardized questionnaires measuring self-confidence, stress resistance, emotional stability, and motivation. The results demonstrated statistically significant improvements (p<0.05) in all measured variables among the experimental group compared with the control group. The greatest improvements were observed in agility, reaction speed, self-confidence, and stress resistance. The findings indicate that systematic hand-to-hand combat training serves as an effective pedagogical means for developing both physical and psychological readiness among female university students. The study also provides practical recommendations for integrating hand-to-hand combat elements into university physical education programs.
hand-to-hand combat, female university students, physical readiness, psychological readiness, self-defense, agility, coordination, emotional stability, physical education, university sports.
DARSLIKLARNING O’QUVCHIGA MA’NAVIY QADRIYATLAR ORQALI TA’SIR KO’RSATUVCHI TARBIYAVIY VAZIFASI
Mazkur tezisda darsliklarning metodik xususiyatlari, ta`lim konsepsiyasining darsliklarda joriylanishi masalalari yoritilgan. Darsliklardagi matnlarning standart talabi asosida yaratilishi hamda ularda savol va topshiriqlarning turli usul va vositalarda keltirilishining uslubiy xususiyatlari bayon etilgan.
Metodologiya, milliy o’quv dasturi, ta`lim konsepsiyasi, variativ o`quv dastur, tanqidiy fikrlash.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A BIOCHEMISTRY TEACHING METHODOLOGY BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND VR TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH EXPERIMENTAL TESTING
This article evaluates the effectiveness of a methodology for teaching Biochemistry in higher education institutions based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies through pedagogical experimental work. During the research, an instructional methodology based on the use of AI tools, 3D visualizations, and VR technologies was developed and tested in experimental and control groups. The obtained results showed a significant improvement in students' theoretical knowledge, practical skills, independent thinking, and learning motivation. The results of the statistical analysis confirmed the positive impact of the developed methodology on improving educational effectiveness.
biochemistry education, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, VR technologies, pedagogical experiment, educational effectiveness, digital education, innovative pedagogical technologies.
ORGАNIZАTIONАL АND METHODOLOGICАL FOUNDАTIONS OF THE INTENSIVE USE OF INNOVАTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN 1ST-GRАDE MOTHER TONGUE LESSONS
This thesis exаmines the orgаnizаtionаl аnd methodologicаl foundаtions of the intensive use of innovаtive technologies in 1st-grаde mother tongue lessons. It аnаlyzes the principles of orgаnizing innovаtive technologies in аccordаnce with lesson objectives, content, аnd the аge аnd psychologicаl chаrаcteristics of primаry school leаrners. The study reveаls the methodologicаl bаsis for integrаting multimediа tаsks, the Wordwаll plаtform, the Plickers аssessment system, аnd QR code-bаsed аctivities into the teаching process. Furthermore, it substаntiаtes the importаnce of аdаptive tаsks designed in аccordаnce with lesson content аnd аssessment criteriа to ensure the effective аpplicаtion of these technologicаl tools.
Primаry educаtion, mother tongue lessons, innovаtive technologies, intensive use, orgаnizаtionаl аnd methodologicаl foundаtions, multimediа tаsks, Wordwаll, Plickers, аdаptive tаsks, QR code-bаsed аctivities.
DEVELOPING THE STAGES OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT COMPETENCE IN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
The modernization of higher pedagogical education requires future teachers to possess advanced professional competencies, including the ability to apply formative assessment effectively in educational practice. Formative assessment is recognized as one of the most important approaches for improving teaching quality, supporting students' learning progress, and providing continuous feedback throughout the educational process.
formative assessment, pre-service teachers, professional competence, assessment literacy, feedback, reflection, teacher education, competency-based approach.
РОЛЬ МАХАЛЛИ В СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ И КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ЖИЗНИ В СРЕДНИЕ ВЕКА
В данной статье на научной основе проанализирована роль махалли в социально-экономической и культурной жизни средневекового общества. Освещается значение махалли в обеспечении социальной защиты населения, развитии ремесленничества и торговли, сохранении национальных ценностей и традиций. Кроме того, научно обосновано, что в жизни народов Центральной Азии махалля выполняла функцию территориальной общины, регулирующей социальные, экономические и духовные отношения населения.
махалля, Средние века, место, территориальная община, ремесленничество, культурное наследие, социальные отношения, восточная цивилизация, общественное самоуправление, духовные ценности.
O‘SMIRLIK DAVRIDA SHAXSLARARO MUNOSABATLAR VA AGRESSIV XULQNING O‘ZARO BOG‘LIQLIGI
Mazkur maqolada o‘smirlik davrida shaxslararo munosabatlarning shakllanishi hamda agressiv xulq-atvor bilan bog‘liqligi tahlil qilinadi. O‘smirlik davri shaxs psixologik rivojlanish davrining eng muhim va murakkab davrlaridan biri hisoblanib, bu davrda emotsional beqarorlik, ijtimoiy moslashuvdagi qiyinchiliklar va nizoli vaziyatlar agressiv xatti-harakatlarning yuzaga kelishiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin. Shaxslararo munosabatlarda yuzaga keladigan ziddiyatlar, emotsional zo‘riqish, oilaviy muhitdagi muammolar va maktab jamoasidagi salbiy psixologik iqlim agressiv xulqning shakllanishiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin. Tadqiqot natijalarida ham agressiv xulqning o‘smirlarning shaxslararo munosabatlariga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatishini ko‘rsatadi.
o‘smirlik davri, shaxslararo munosabat, agressiya, agressiv xulq, psixologik rivojlanish, emotsional holat, kommunikativ kompetensiya, psixodiagnostika, profilaktika, ijtimoiy moslashuv.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MENTORING AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS IN IMPROVING PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS
Mentoring and methodological support are central mechanisms for improving the professional adaptation of school psychologists. The literature indicates that early-career school psychologists benefit from structured supervision, mentoring, clear evaluation expectations, and access to professional support that helps them manage time, boundaries, case complexity, and professional identity. This article analyzes why mentoring and methodological support are important, how they contribute to adaptation, and what institutional conditions make them effective.
school psychologists, professional adaptation, mentoring, methodological support, supervision, early career, professional development, school psychology.